animate



NAME

     animate - display a sequence of images on any workstation
     running X


SYNOPSIS

     animate [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...]


DESCRIPTION

     animate displays a sequence of images on any workstation
     display running an X server.  animate first determines the
     hardware capabilities of the workstation.  If the number of
     unique colors in an image is less than or equal to the
     number the workstation can support, the image is displayed
     in an X window.  Otherwise the number of colors in the image
     is first reduced to match the color resolution of the
     workstation before it is displayed.

     This means that a continuous-tone 24 bits-per-pixel image
     can display on a 8 bit pseudo-color device or monochrome
     device.  In most instances the reduced color image closely
     resembles the original.  Alternatively, a monochrome or
     pseudo-color image sequence can display on a continuous-tone
     24 bits-per-pixel device.

     To help prevent color flashing on X server visuals that have
     colormaps, animate creates a single colormap from the image
     sequence.  This can be rather time consuming.  You can speed
     this operation up by reducing the colors in the image before
     you `animate' them.  Use mogrify to color reduce the images
     to a single colormap.  See mogrify(1) for details.
     Alternatively, you can use a Standard Colormap; or a static,
     direct, or true color visual.  You can define a Standard
     Colormap with xstdcmap.  See XSTDCMAP(1) for details.  This
     method is recommended for colormapped X server because it
     eliminates the need to compute a global colormap.


EXAMPLES

     To animate a set of images of a cockatoo, use:

          animate cockatoo.*

     To animate a cockatoo image sequence while using the
     Standard Colormap "best", use:

          xstdcmap -best
          animate -map best cockatoo.*

     To animate an image of a cockatoo without a border centered
     on a backdrop, use:

          animate +borderwidth -backdrop cockatoo.*


OPTIONS

     -backdrop
          display the image centered on a backdrop.

          This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and
          is useful for hiding other X window activity while
          viewing the image sequence.   The color of the backdrop
          is specified as the background color.  Refer to X
          RESOURCES for details.

     -colormap type
          the type of colormap: Shared or Private.

          This option only applies when the default X server
          visual is PseudoColor or GrayScale.  Refer to -visual
          for more details.  By default, a shared colormap is
          allocated.  The image shares colors with other X
          clients.  Some image colors could be approximated,
          therefore your image may look very different than
          intended.  Choose Private and the image colors appear
          exactly as they are defined.  However, other clients
          may go "technicolor" when the image colormap is
          installed.

     -colors value
          preferred number of colors in the image.

          The actual number of colors in the image may be less
          than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a
          color reduction option.  Images with less unique colors
          than specified with this option will remain unchanged.
          Refer to quantize(9) for more details.

          Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
          affect the color reduction algorithm.

     -colorspace value
          the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, XYZ, YCbCr,
          YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.

          Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
          color space.  Empirical evidence suggests that
          distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
          to perceptual color differences more closely than do
          distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give
          better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -delay milliseconds
          display the next image after pausing.

          This option is useful for regulating the display of the
          sequence of images.  milliseconds milliseconds must
          expire before the display of the next image.  The
          default is 100 milliseconds between each frame of the
          image sequence.

     -crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  For example to crop the image by ten percent on all
          sides of the image, use -crop 10%.

          Use cropping to apply image processing options, or
          display, only a particular area of an image.  Use -crop
          0x0 to remove edges that are the background color.

          The equivalent X resource for this option is
          cropGeometry (class CropGeometry).  See X RESOURCES for
          details.

     -density <width>x<height>
          vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
          image.

          This option specifies an image density when decoding a
          Postscript or Portable Document page.  The default is
          72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical
          direction.

     -display host:display[.screen]
          specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).

     -dither
          apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.

          The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
          resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
          intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images
          which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
          colors can be improved with this option.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -gamma value
          level of gamma correction.

          The same color image displayed on two different
          workstations may look different due to differences in
          the display monitor.  Use gamma correction to adjust
          for this color difference.  Reasonable values extend
          from 0.8 to 2.3.

          You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green,
          and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list
          delineated with commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).

     -geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-
          }<y offset>{!}
          preferred size and location of the Image window.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.  By
          default, the window size is the image size and the
          location is choosen by you when it is mapped.

          By default, the width and height are maximum values.
          That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
          width and height value while maintaining the aspect
          ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the
          geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
          you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the
          image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.  If
          only one factor is specified, both the width and height
          assume the value.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  The image size is multiplied by the width and
          height percentages to obtain the final image
          dimensions.  To increase the size of an image, use a
          value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%).  To decrease an
          image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

          If the specified image size is smaller than the actual
          image size, the image is first reduced to an integral
          of the specified image size with an antialias digital
          filter.  The image is then scaled to the exact
          specified image size with pixel replication.  If the
          specified image size is greater than the actual image
          size, the image is first enlarged to an integral of the
          specified image size with bilinear interpolation.  The
          image is then scaled to the exact specified image size
          with pixel replication.

          When displaying an image on an X server, <x offset> and
          <y offset> is relative to the root window.

          The equivalent X resource for this option is geometry
          (class Geometry).  See X RESOURCES for details.

     -interlace type
          the type of interlacing scheme: NONE, LINE, or PLANE.
          This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
          scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  NONE
          means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), LINE
          uses scanline interlacing
          (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PLANE uses
          plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).

          Use LINE, or PLANE to create an interlaced GIF image.

     -map type
          display image using this Standard Colormap type.

          Choose from these Standard Colormap types:

              best
              default
              gray
              red
              green
              blue

          The X server must support the Standard Colormap you
          choose, otherwise an error occurs.  Use list as the
          type and animate(1) searches the list of colormap types
          in top-to-bottom order until one is located. See
          xstdcmap(1) for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.

     -monochrome
          transform the image to black and white.

     -scene value{-value}
          image scene number.

          Use this option to specify an image sequence with a
          single filename. See the discussion of file below for
          details.

     -size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+colors}{!}
          width and height of the image.

          Use this option to specify the width and height of raw
          images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
          or CMYK.  In addition to width and height, use -size to
          tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.
          -size 640x512+256).

     -treedepth value
          Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or
          one tells animate to choose a optimal tree depth for
          the color reduction algorithm.

          An optimal depth generally allows the best
          representation of the source image with the fastest
          computational speed and the least amount of memory.
          However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
          images.  To assure the best representation, try values
          between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -verbose
          print detailed information about the image.

          This information is printed: image scene number;  image
          name;  image size; the image class (DirectClass or
          PseudoClass);  the total number of unique colors;  and
          the number of seconds to read and transform the image.
          Refer to miff(5) for a description of the image class.

          If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors
          in the image and color reduction error values are
          printed.  Refer to quantize(9) for a description of
          these values.

     -visual type
          animate images using this visual type.

          Choose from these visual classes:

              StaticGray
              GrayScale
              StaticColor
              PseudoColor
              TrueColor
              DirectColor
              default
              visual id

          The X server must support the visual you choose,
          otherwise an error occurs.  If a visual is not
          specified, the visual class that can display the most
          simultaneous colors on the default screen is choosen.

     -window id
          set the background pixmap of this window to the image.

          id can be a window id or name.  Specify root to select
          X's root window as the target window.

          By default the image is tiled onto the background of
          the target window.   If -backdrop or -geometry are
          specified, the image is surrounded by the background
          color.  Refer to X RESOURCES for details.

          The image will not display on the root window if the
          image has more unique colors than the target window
          colormap allows.  Use -colors to reduce the number of
          colors.

     In addition to those listed above, you can specify these
     standard X resources as command line options:  -background,
     -bordercolor, -borderwidth,  -font, -foreground,
     -iconGeometry, -iconic, -mattecolor, -name, or -title.  See
     X RESOURCES for details.

     Any option you specify on the command line remains in effect
     until it is explicitly changed by specifying the option
     again with a different effect.  For example, to animate two
     images, the first with 32 colors and the second with only 16
     colors, use:

          animate -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -colors 16 cockatoo.2

     Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you
     specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
     explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
     different effect.

     Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.
     For example, specify +dither to not apply error diffusion to
     an image.

     By default, the image format is determined by its magic
     number. To specify a particular image format, precede the
     filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.
     ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
     (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image
     formats.

     When you specify X as your image type, the filename has
     special meaning.  It specifies an X window by id, name, or
     root.  If no filename is specified, the window is selected
     by clicking the mouse in the desired window.

     Specify file as - for standard input, If file has the
     extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with
     uncompress or gunzip respectively. Precede the image file
     name with | to pipe from a system command.

     Single images are read with the filename you specify.
     Alternatively, you can animate an image sequence with a
     single filename.  Define the range of the image sequence
     with -scene.  Each image in the range is read with the
     filename followed by a period (.)  and the scene number.
     You can change this behavior by embedding a printf format
     specification in the file name.  For example,
             -scene 0-9 image%02d.miff
     animates files image00.miff, image01.miff, through
     image09.miff.

     Image filenames may appear in any order on the command line
     if the image format is MIFF (refer to miff(5) and the scene
     keyword is specified in the image.  Otherwise the images
     will display in the order they appear on the command line.


BUTTONS

     Press any button to map or unmap the Command widget.  See
     the next section for more information about the Command
     widget.


COMMAND WIDGET

     The Command widget lists a number of sub-menus and commands.
     They are

       Animate
         Play
         Step
         Repeat
         Auto Reverse
       Speed
         Slower
         Faster
       Direction
         Forward
         Reverse
       Image Info
       Help
       Quit

     Menu items with a indented triangle have a sub-menu.  They
     are represented above as the indented items.  To access a
     sub-menu item, move the pointer to the appropriate menu and
     press a button and drag.  When you find the desired sub-menu
     item, release the button and the command is executed.  Move
     the pointer away from the sub-menu if you decide not to
     execute a particular command.


KEYBOARD ACCELERATORS

     p    Press to animate the sequence of images.

     s    Press to display the next image in the sequence.

     .    Press to continually display the sequence of images.

     a    Press to automatically reverse the sequence of images.

     <    Press to slow the display of the images.  Refer to
          -delay for more information.

     >    Press to speed-up the display of the images.  Refer to
          -delay for more information.

     f    Press to animate in the forward direction.

     r    Press to animate in the reverse direction.

     i    Press to display information about the image.  Press
          any key or button to erase the information.

          This information is printed: image name;  image size;
          and the total number of unique colors in the image.

     h    Press to display helpful information about animate(1).

          Function keys HELP or F1 are synonymous with the h key.

     q    Press to discard all images and exit program.


X RESOURCES

     animate options can appear on the command line or in your X
     resource file.  Options on the command line supersede values
     specified in your X resource file.  See X(1) for more
     information on X resources.

     All animate options have a corresponding X resource.  In
     addition, the animate program uses the following X
     resources:

     background (class Background)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image
          window background.  The default is #ccc.

     borderColor (class BorderColor)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for the Image
          window border.  The default is black.

     borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
          Specifies the width in pixels of the Image window
          border.  The default is 2.

     font (class Font or FontList)
          Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
          normal formatted text.  The default is 14 point
          Helvetica.

     foreground (class Foreground)
          Specifies the preferred color to use for text within
          the Image window.  The default is black.

     geometry (class geometry)
          Specifies the preferred size and position of the image
          window.  It is not necessarily obeyed by all window
          managers.

     iconGeometry (class IconGeometry)
          Specifies the preferred size and position of the
          application when iconified.  It is not necessarily
          obeyed by all window managers.

     iconic (class Iconic)
          This resource indicates that you would prefer that the
          application's windows initially not be visible as if
          the windows had be immediately iconified by you.
          Window managers may choose not to honor the
          application's request.

     matteColor (class MatteColor)
          Specify the color of windows.  It is used for the
          backgrounds of windows, menus, and notices.  A  3D
          effect  is achieved  by using highlight and shadow
          colors derived from this color.  Default value: #ddd.

     name (class Name)
          This resource specifies the name under which resources
          for the application should be found.  This resource is
          useful in shell aliases to distinguish between
          invocations of an application, without resorting to
          creating links to alter the executable file name.  The
          default is the application name.

     sharedMemory (class SharedMemory)
          This resource specifies whether animate should attempt
          use shared memory for pixmaps.  ImageMagick must be
          compiled with shared memory support, and the display
          must support the MIT-SHM extension.  Otherwise, this
          resource is ignored.  The default is True.

     text_font (class textFont)
          Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in
          fixed (typewriter style) formatted text.  The default
          is 14 point Courier.

     title (class Title)
          This resource specifies the title to be used for the
          Image window.  This information is sometimes used by a
          window manager to provide some sort of header
          identifying the window.  The default is the image file
          name.


ENVIRONMENT

     display
          To get the default host, display number, and screen.


SEE ALSO

     display(1), import(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
     segment(1), combine(1), xtp(1)


COPYRIGHT

     Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

     Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
     software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
     granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
     notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
     notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
     documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
     and Company not be used in advertising or publicity
     pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
     written prior permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
     Company makes no representations about the suitability of
     this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
     without express or implied warranty.

     E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all
     warranties with regard to this software, including all
     implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no
     event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable
     for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
     damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or
     profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or
     other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with
     the use or performance of this software.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics
     a reality.

     Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial
     implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

     David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for
     providing a computing environment that made this program
     possible.

     Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the
     original idea of using space subdivision for the color
     reduction algorithm.


AUTHORS

     John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
     Incorporated


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