mogrify



NAME

     mogrify - transform an image or sequence of images


SYNOPSIS

     mogrify [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...]


DESCRIPTION

     mogrify transforms an image or a sequence of images.  These
     transforms include image scaling, image rotation, color
     reduction, and others.  The transmogrified image overwrites
     the original image.


EXAMPLES

     To convert all the TIFF files in a particular directory to
     JPEG, use:

         mogrify -format jpeg *.tiff

     To scale an image of a cockatoo to exactly 640 pixels in
     width and 480 pixels in height, use:

         mogrify -geometry 640x480! cockatoo.miff

     To create a single colormap for a sequence of bird images,
     use:

         mogrify -colors 256 scenes/birds.*


OPTIONS

     -annotate string
          annotate an image with text.

          Use this option to annotate an image with text.
          Optionally you can include the image filename, type,
          width, height, or scene number by embedding special
          format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m for
          magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
          number, or \n for newline.  For example,

               -annotate "%m:%f %wx%h"

          annotates the image with MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for an
          image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
          height is 480.

          If the first character of string is @, the text is read
          from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
          string.

          You can set the text position, font, and font color
          with -geometry, -font, and -pen respectively.   Options
          are processed in command line order so be sure to use
          -geometry, -font, or -pen before the -annotate option.

     -blur factor
          blurs an image.  Specify factor as the percent
          enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%).

     -border <width>x<height>fP
          surround the image with a border or color.  See X(1)
          for details about the geometry specification.

          The color of the border is obtained from the X server
          and is defined as bordercolor (class borderColor).  See
          X(1) for details.

     -colors value
          preferred number of colors in the image.

          The actual number of colors in the image may be less
          than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a
          color reduction option.  Images with less unique colors
          than specified with this option will remain unchanged.
          Refer to quantize(9) for more details.

          If more than one image is specified on the command
          line, a single colormap is created and saved with each
          image.

          Note, options -colormap, -dither, -colorspace, and
          -treedepth affect the color reduction algorithm.

     -colorspace value
          the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, XYZ, YCbCr,
          YIQ, YPbPr, or YUV.

          Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
          color space.  Empirical evidence suggests that
          distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
          to perceptual color differences more closely than do
          distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give
          better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -comment string
          annotate an image with a comment.

          By default, each image is commented with its file name.
          Use this option to assign a specific comment to the
          image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
          type, width, height, or scene number by embedding
          special format characters.  Embed %f for filename, %m
          for magick, %w for width, %h for height, %s for scene
          number, or \n for newline.  For example,

               -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"

          produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
          an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
          height is 480.

          If the first character of string is @, the image
          comment is read from a file titled by the remaining
          characters in the string.

     -compress type
          the type of image compression: QEncoded or
          RunlengthEncoded.

          Specify +compress to store the binary image in an
          uncompressed format.  The default is the compression
          type of the specified image file.

     -contrast
          enhance or reduce the image contrast.

          This option enhances the intensity differences between
          the lighter and darker elements of the image.  Use
          -contrast to enhance the image or +contrast to reduce
          the image contrast.

     -crop <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  For example to crop the image by ten percent on all
          sides of the image, use -crop 10%.

          Use cropping to apply image processing options, or
          transmogrify, only a particular area of an image.   Use
          -crop 0x0 to remove edges that are the background
          color.

     -density <width>x<height>
          vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
          image.

          This option specifies an image density when decoding a
          Postscript or Portable Document page.  The default is
          72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical
          direction.

     -despeckle
          reduce the speckles within an image.

     -display host:display[.screen]
          specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).

     -dither
          apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.

          The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
          resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
          intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images
          which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
          colors can be improved with this option.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -edge
          detect edges within an image.

     -emboss
          emboss the image.

     -enhance
          apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.

     -equalize
          perform histogram equalization to the image.

     -flip
          create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
          scanlines in the vertical direction.

     -flop
          create a "mirror image" by reflecting the image
          scanlines in the horizontal direction.

     -format type
          the image format type.

          This option will convert any image to the image format
          you specify.  See convert(1) for a list of image format
          types supported by ImageMagick.

          By default the file is written to its original name.
          However, if the filename extension matches a supported
          format, the extension is replaced with the image format
          type specified with -format.  For example, if you
          specify tiff as the format type and the input image
          filename is image.gif, the output image filename
          becomes image.tiff.

     -gamma value
          level of gamma correction.

          The same color image displayed on two different
          workstations may look different due to differences in
          the display monitor.  Use gamma correction to adjust
          for this color difference.  Reasonable values extend
          from 0.8 to 2.3.

          You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green,
          and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list
          delineated with commas (i.e. 1.7,2.3,1.2).

     -font name
          This option specifies the font to be used  for
          displaying normal text.  The default is fixed.

     -frame <width>x<height>fP
          surround the image with an an ornamental border.  See
          X(1) for details about the geometry specification.

          The color of the border is specified with the
          -mattecolor command line option.

     -geometry <width>{%}x<height>{%}{!}
          preferred width and height of the image.  See X(1) for
          details about the geometry specification.

          By default, the width and height are maximum values.
          That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
          width and height value while maintaining the aspect
          ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the
          geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
          you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the
          image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.  If
          only one factor is specified, both the width and height
          assume the value.

          To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
          %.  The image size is multiplied by the width and
          height percentages to obtain the final image
          dimensions.  To increase the size of an image, use a
          value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%).  To decrease an
          image's size, use a percentage less than 100.

     -interlace type
          the type of interlacing scheme: NONE, LINE, or PLANE.

          This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
          scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  NONE
          means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), LINE
          uses scanline interlacing
          (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and PLANE uses
          plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).  -
          label name assign a label to an image.

          Use this option to assign a specific label to the
          image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
          type, width, height, or scene number in the label by
          embedding special format characters.   Embed %f for
          filename, %m for magick, %w for width, %h for height,
          or %s for scene number.  For example,
               -label "%m:%f %wx%h"
          produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
          an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
          height is 480.

          If the first character of string is @, the image label
          is read from a file titled by the remaining characters
          in the string.

          When converting to Postscript, use this option to
          specify a header string to print above the image.

     -map filename
          choose a particular set of colors from this image.

          By default, color reduction chooses an optimal set of
          colors that best represent the original image.
          Alternatively, you can choose a particular set of
          colors with this option.  This is useful when you want
          to create a sequence of images with one particular set
          of colors for each image.

     -modulate value
          vary the hue, saturation, and brightness of an image.

          Specify the percent change in hue, the color
          saturation, and the brightness separated by commas.
          For example, to increase the color hue by 20% and
          decrease the color saturation by 10% and leave the
          brightness unchanged, use: -modulate 20,-10.

     -monochrome
          transform the image to black and white.

     -negate
          apply color inversion to image.

          The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
          negated.

     -noise
          reduce the noise in an image with a noise peak
          elimination filter.

          The principal function of noise peak elimination filter
          is to smooth the objects within an image without losing
          edge information and without creating undesired
          structures.  The central idea of the algorithm is to
          replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within
          a 3 x 3 window, if this pixel has been found to be
          noise.  A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this
          pixel is a maximum or minimum within the 3 x 3 window.

     -normalize
          transform image to span the full range of color values.

          This is a contrast enhancement technique.

     -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          preferred size and location of the Postscript page.

          Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
          Postscript page in pixels per inch or a TEXT page in
          pixels.  The default for a Postscript page is to center
          the image on a letter page 612 by 792 pixels. The
          margins are 1/2" (i.e.  612x792+36+36).  Other common
          sizes are:

              Letter      612x 792
              Tabloid     792x1224
              Ledger     1224x 792
              Legal       612x1008
              Statement   396x 612
              Executive   540x 720
              A3          842x1190
              A4          595x 842
              A5          420x 595
              B4          729x1032
              B5          516x 729
              Folio       612x 936
              Quarto      610x 780
              10x14       720x1008

          For convenience you can specify the page size by media
          (e.g.  A4, Ledger, etc.).

          The page geometry is relative to the vertical and
          horizontal density of the Postscript page.  See
          -density for details.

          The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is
          612x792.

     -paint
          paint the image.

     -pen color
          set the color of the font.  See -annotate for further
          details.

          See X(1) for details about the color specification.

     -quality value
          JPEG quality setting.

          Quality is 0 (worst) to 100 (best). The default is 85.

     -roll {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>
          roll an image vertically or horizontally.  See X(1) for
          details about the geometry specification.

          A negative x offset rolls the image left-to-right.  A
          negative y offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.

     -rotate degrees
          apply Paeth image rotation to the image.

          Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
          filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
          borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

     -scene value
          image scene number.

     -sharpen weight
          sharpen an image.  Specify factor as the percent
          enhancement (0.0 - 99.9%).

     -shear <x degrees>x<y degrees>
          shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or
          negative shear angle.

          Shearing slides one edge of an image along the X or Y
          axis, creating a parallelogram.  An X direction shear
          slides an edge along the X axis, while a Y direction
          shear slides an edge along the Y axis.  The amount of
          the shear is controlled by a shear angle.  For X
          direction shears, x degrees> is measured relative to
          the Y axis, and similarly, for Y direction shears y
          degrees is measured relative to the X axis.

          Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are
          filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
          borderColor).  See X(1) for details.

     -size <width>{%}x<height>{%}{+colors}{!}
          width and height of the image.

          Use this option to specify the width and height of raw
          images whose dimensions are unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
          or CMYK.  In addition to width and height, use -size to
          tell the number of colors in a MAP image file, (e.g.
          -size 640x512+256).

     -transparency color
          make this color transparent within the image.

     -treedepth value
          Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or
          one tells mogrify to choose a optimal tree depth for
          the color reduction algorithm.

          An optimal depth generally allows the best
          representation of the source image with the fastest
          computational speed and the least amount of memory.
          However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
          images.  To assure the best representation, try values
          between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to
          quantize(9) for more details.

          The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
          option to take effect.

     -undercolor <undercolor factor>x<black-generation factor>
          control undercolor removal and black generation on CMYK
          images.

          This option enables you to perform undercolor removal
          and black generation on CMYK images-- images to be
          printed on a four-color printing system. You can
          control how much cyan, magenta, and yellow to remove
          from your image and how much black to add to it.  The
          standard undercolor removal is 1.0x1.0.  You'll
          frequently get better results, though, if the
          percentage of black you add to your image is slightly
          higher than the percentage of C, M, and Y you remove
          from it.  For example you might try 0.5x0.7.

     -verbose
          print detailed information about the image.

          This information is printed: image scene number;  image
          name;  image size; the image class (DirectClass or
          PseudoClass); the total number of unique colors (if
          known);  and the number of seconds to read and
          transform the image.  Refer to miff(5) for a
          description of the image class.

          If -colors is also specified, the total unique colors
          in the image and color reduction error values are
          printed.  Refer to quantize(9) for a description of
          these values.

     Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you
     specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
     explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
     different effect.  For example, to mogrify two images, the
     first with 32 colors and the second with only 16 colors,
     use:

          mogrify -colors 32 cockatoo.miff -colors 16 macaw.miff

     Change - to + in any option above to reverse its effect.
     For example, specify +compress to store the binary image in
     an uncompressed format.

     By default, the image format is determined by its magic
     number. To specify a particular image format, precede the
     filename with an image format name and a colon (i.e.
     ps:image) or specify the image type as the filename suffix
     (i.e. image.ps).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image
     formats.

     Specify file as - for standard input and output.  If file
     has the extension .Z or .gz, the file is uncompressed with
     uncompress or gunzip respectively and subsequently
     compressed using with compress or gzip.  Finally, precede
     the image file name with | to pipe to or from a system
     command.

     Use an optional index enclosed in brackets after a file name
     to specify a desired subimage of a multi-resolution image
     format like Photo CD (e.g. img0001.pcd[4]).


SEE ALSO

     display(1), animate(1), import(1), montage(1), convert(1),
     segment(1), combine(1), xtp(1)


COPYRIGHT

     Copyright 1995 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company

     Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this
     software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby
     granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
     notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright
     notice and this permission notice appear in supporting
     documentation, and that the name of E. I. du Pont de Nemours
     and Company not be used in advertising or publicity
     pertaining to distribution of the software without specific,
     written prior permission.  E. I. du Pont de Nemours and
     Company makes no representations about the suitability of
     this software for any purpose.  It is provided "as is"
     without express or implied warranty.

     E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company disclaims all
     warranties with regard to this software, including all
     implied warranties of merchantability and fitness, in no
     event shall E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company be liable
     for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any
     damages whatsoever resulting from loss of use, data or
     profits, whether in an action of contract, negligence or
     other tortuous action, arising out of or in connection with
     the use or performance of this software.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

     Michael Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial
     implementation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.

     David Pensak, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, for
     providing a computing environment that made this program
     possible.

     Paul Raveling, USC Information Sciences Institute, for the
     original idea of using space subdivision for the color
     reduction algorithm.


AUTHORS

     John Cristy, E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company
     Incorporated























[home page]