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- Astropy v5.2.1 »
- Time Series (`astropy.timeseries`) »
- Accessing Data in Time Series

# Accessing Data in Time Series

## Accessing Data

For the examples in this page, we will consider a sampled time series with two data columns — `flux` and `temp`:

    >>> from astropy import units as u
    >>> from astropy.timeseries import TimeSeries
    >>> ts = TimeSeries(time_start='2016-03-22T12:30:31',
    ...                 time_delta=3 * u.s,
    ...                 data={'flux': [1., 4., 5., 3., 2.] * u.Jy,
    ...                       'temp': [40., 41., 39., 24., 20.] * u.K},
    ...                 names=('flux', 'temp'))

As for `Table`, columns can be accessed by name:

    >>> ts['flux']
    <Quantity [ 1., 4., 5., 3., 2.] Jy>
    >>> ts['time']
    <Time object: scale='utc' format='isot' value=['2016-03-22T12:30:31.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:34.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:37.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:40.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:43.000']>

And rows can be accessed by index:

    >>> ts[0]
    <Row index=0>
              time            flux    temp
                               Jy      K
              Time          float64 float64
    ----------------------- ------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0    40.0

Accessing individual values can then be done either by accessing a column and then a row, or vice versa:

    >>> ts[0]['flux']
    <Quantity 1. Jy>

    >>> ts['temp'][2]
    <Quantity 39. K>

## Accessing Times

For `TimeSeries`, the `time` column can be accessed using the regular column access notation, as shown in Accessing Data, but it can also be accessed more conveniently using the `time` attribute:

    >>> ts.time
    <Time object: scale='utc' format='isot' value=['2016-03-22T12:30:31.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:34.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:37.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:40.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:43.000']>

For `BinnedTimeSeries`, we provide three attributes: `time_bin_start`, `time_bin_center`, and `time_bin_end`:

    >>> from astropy.timeseries import BinnedTimeSeries
    >>> bts = BinnedTimeSeries(time_bin_start='2016-03-22T12:30:31',
    ...                        time_bin_size=3 * u.s, n_bins=5)
    >>> bts.time_bin_start
    <Time object: scale='utc' format='isot' value=['2016-03-22T12:30:31.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:34.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:37.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:40.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:43.000']>
    >>> bts.time_bin_center
    <Time object: scale='utc' format='isot' value=['2016-03-22T12:30:32.500' '2016-03-22T12:30:35.500'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:38.500' '2016-03-22T12:30:41.500'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:44.500']>
    >>> bts.time_bin_end
    <Time object: scale='utc' format='isot' value=['2016-03-22T12:30:34.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:37.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:40.000' '2016-03-22T12:30:43.000'
     '2016-03-22T12:30:46.000']>

In addition, the `time_bin_size` attribute can be used to access the bin sizes:

    >>> bts.time_bin_size
    <Quantity [3., 3., 3., 3., 3.] s>

Note that only `time_bin_start` and `time_bin_size` are available as actual columns, and `time_bin_center` and `time_bin_end` are computed on the fly.

See Converting between Different Time Representations for more information about changing between different representations of time.

## Extracting a Subset of Columns

We can create a new time series with just the `flux` column by doing:

    >>> ts['time', 'flux']
    <TimeSeries length=5>
              time            flux
                               Jy
              Time          float64
    ----------------------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:34.000     4.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:37.000     5.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:40.000     3.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:43.000     2.0

Note that the new columns will be copies (not views) of the original columns. We can also create a plain `QTable` by extracting just the `flux` and `temp` columns:

    >>> ts['flux', 'temp']
    <QTable length=5>
      flux    temp
        Jy      K
    float64 float64
    ------- -------
        1.0    40.0
        4.0    41.0
        5.0    39.0
        3.0    24.0
        2.0    20.0

## Extracting a Subset of Rows

`TimeSeries` objects can be sliced by rows, using the same syntax as for `Time`, for example:

    >>> ts[0:2]
    <TimeSeries length=2>
              time            flux    temp
                               Jy      K
              Time          float64 float64
    ----------------------- ------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0    40.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:34.000     4.0    41.0

`TimeSeries` objects are also automatically indexed using the functionality described in Table Indexing. This provides the ability to access rows and a subset of rows using the `loc` and `iloc` attributes.

The `loc` attribute can be used to slice `TimeSeries` objects by time. For example, the following can be used to extract all entries for a given timestamp:

    >>> from astropy.time import Time
    >>> ts.loc[Time('2016-03-22T12:30:31.000')]
    <Row index=0>
              time            flux    temp
                               Jy      K
              Time          float64 float64
    ----------------------- ------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0    40.0

Or within a time range:

    >>> ts.loc['2016-03-22T12:30:30':'2016-03-22T12:30:41']
    <TimeSeries length=4>
              time            flux    temp
                               Jy      K
              Time          float64 float64
    ----------------------- ------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0    40.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:34.000     4.0    41.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:37.000     5.0    39.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:40.000     3.0    24.0

Note that in this case we did not specify `Time` — this is not needed if the string is an ISO 8601 time string. As for the `QTable` and `Table` class `loc` attribute, in order to be consistent with pandas, the last item in the `loc` range is inclusive.

Also note that the result will always be sorted by time. Similarly, the `iloc` attribute can be used to fetch rows from the time series sorted by time, so for example, the first two entries (by time) can be accessed with:

    >>> ts.iloc[0:2]
    <TimeSeries length=2>
              time            flux    temp
                               Jy      K
              Time          float64 float64
    ----------------------- ------- -------
    2016-03-22T12:30:31.000     1.0    40.0
    2016-03-22T12:30:34.000     4.0    41.0